Which type of psychology examines the physical structure and behavior in relation to survival and reproduction?

The correct answer is focused on how the principles of evolution shape behaviors and mental processes that have adaptive value. Evolutionary psychology emphasizes the way in which human behavior and cognitive functions have developed over time to address challenges related to survival and reproduction. This field considers various elements such as mate selection, parenting strategies, and social behaviors, illustrating how these evolved traits can increase an individual's chances of survival and reproductive success.

Biological psychology, while relevant, primarily deals with the physiological processes that underpin behavior and mental states, rather than the evolutionary pressures that have shaped these behaviors over time. Cognitive psychology investigates mental processes like perception, memory, and problem-solving but does not specifically focus on the influence of evolutionary factors. Clinical psychology specializes in diagnosing and treating mental health disorders, not in analyzing behaviors through the lens of evolution and natural selection. Thus, evolutionary psychology is the most accurate choice, as it specifically addresses the connection between behavior and biological imperatives for survival and reproduction.