Which treatment method attempts to improve symptoms of psychological disorders through surgery?

The treatment method that attempts to improve symptoms of psychological disorders through surgery is psychosurgery. This approach involves surgical procedures intended to affect the brain's functioning to alleviate symptoms associated with severe mental health disorders, particularly when other treatments have failed. Psychosurgery may include techniques such as lobotomy or more modern approaches like targeted lesioning.

In contrast, medication primarily involves pharmacological interventions to manage symptoms through chemical means, whereas deep brain stimulation uses electrical impulses to modulate neural activity but does not involve the removal or alteration of brain tissue. Cognitive therapy is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on changing maladaptive thought patterns without any surgical intervention. Therefore, psychosurgery is uniquely defined by its direct surgical approach to managing psychological disorders.