Which theory was established by Edward Kitchener?

Edward Kitchener is known for establishing the theory of Structuralism in psychology. This approach focuses on understanding the structure of the mind by breaking down mental processes into their most basic components. Kitchener, who was a student of Wilhelm Wundt, aimed to identify the underlying elements of consciousness and how they combine to form more complex experiences. Structuralism emphasizes the use of introspection, where individuals report their thoughts and feelings in response to stimulus, allowing psychologists to explore the elements of the mind systematically.

The other theories mentioned, such as Functionalism, Behavioralism, and the Humanistic approach, have distinct foundations. Functionalism, for instance, considers the purpose of mental processes in adapting to the environment, while Behavioralism focuses on observable behaviors and the influence of the environment on them. The Humanistic approach emphasizes individual potential and stresses the importance of personal growth and self-actualization. Each of these theories represents a different viewpoint on psychological processes, but Kitchener's Structuralism remains significant for its pioneering role in the early study of cognitive processes.