Which theory suggests that color perception arises from three types of cones?

The correct answer is Trichromatic Theory, which posits that the human eye has three types of color receptors, or cones, sensitive to different wavelengths of light corresponding to short (blue), medium (green), and long (red) wavelengths. This theory explains how we perceive a wide range of colors through the combination of these three primary colors. Each type of cone contributes to our overall perception of color by firing at different rates depending on the wavelength of the incoming light.

For instance, when light stimulates the blue-sensitive cones more than the others, we perceive the color blue. This additive mixing process forms the basis of how we recognize and interpret colors around us. This theory was jointly proposed by Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz and has been foundational in color science and vision.

The other theories listed, while significant in their own right, do not specifically address the triadic mechanics of color perception as defined by the presence of three types of cones. For example, Opponent Process Theory focuses on how colors are perceived in opposing pairs (such as red-green and blue-yellow) and does not emphasize the role of three types of cones. Meanwhile, Adaptive Theory and Color Constancy Theory deal with visual perception in broader contexts, such as how we adjust to