Which psychological perspective is primarily concerned with observable behavior rather than internal thoughts?

The correct answer is Behavioralism, which is fundamentally focused on observable behavior rather than internal thoughts or feelings. This perspective emerged in the early 20th century as a response to introspective methods used in psychology at the time. Behavioralists argue that behavior can be studied in a systematic and observable manner without considering internal mental states. They emphasize the role of environmental stimuli in shaping behavior, positing that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment.

Behavioralism employs various methods, including conditioning, to explain how behaviors develop. By prioritizing observable actions, this perspective has significant applications in fields like education, therapy, and behavior modification programs. This focus on the external allows for more empirical measurement and validation, making it a practical approach within psychology.

Functionalism, while concerned with the function of mental processes, still acknowledges internal thoughts and is not solely based on observable behaviors. Humanistic psychology focuses on individual experiences and internal feelings, promoting self-actualization and personal growth, which overlooks the main tenet of behavioral observation. Structuralism, on the other hand, is oriented towards breaking down mental processes into their most basic components and relies on introspection, which again contradicts the observable behavior focus of behavioralism.