Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving stimuli?

The dendrites are the part of the neuron primarily responsible for receiving stimuli. They are tree-like structures extending from the neuron’s cell body that collect signals from other neurons or sensory receptors. Dendrites contain specialized receptors that interact with neurotransmitters, which are chemicals released into the synapse by other neurons. This interaction allows dendrites to receive and relay information toward the cell body of the neuron, initiating the process of signal transmission.

When a sensory stimulus occurs, it is often detected by receptors located in the dendrites, and the information is then processed by the neuron. This receptive function is crucial for the neuron’s ability to communicate effectively within the nervous system. The cell body is responsible for processing the received signals and maintaining the neuron's health, but it does not primarily engage in receiving input. The axon is involved in transmitting signals away from the neuron, while the myelin sheath insulates the axon to improve signal transmission efficiency. Therefore, while all parts of a neuron play important roles, dendrites specifically serve the critical function of receiving stimuli.