Which part of the brain contains more neurons than the rest of the brain?

The cerebellum is the part of the brain that contains more neurons than any other region. It is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, posture, and motor learning. Although the cerebrum is significantly larger in size than the cerebellum, it has a lower density of neurons. The cerebellum's intricate structure, including its many layers and folds (folia), contributes to its high neuron count, allowing it to effectively manage complex motor activities. This capacity is critical for muscle coordination and fine motor control, highlighting the importance of the cerebellum in performing everyday tasks that require precision and timing. In contrast, while the other areas of the brain, like the cerebrum and brainstem, perform critical functions, they do not match the cerebellum in terms of total neuron density.