Which of the following is a characteristic of substance abuse disorder?

The characteristic of substance use disorder that aligns with "a dependence on medication for normal functioning" reflects an essential aspect of this condition. Individuals with substance use disorder often develop a reliance on drugs or alcohol, leading to a situation where they feel they cannot function normally without the substance. This dependence can manifest psychologically and physically, impacting their ability to engage in daily activities without the substance.

Substance use disorder typically involves a spectrum of behaviors, including a preoccupation with obtaining the substance and using it despite adverse consequences. The dependence can result in withdrawal symptoms when the substance is not available, reinforcing the cycle of continued use. This is a significant factor in diagnosing and recognizing the severity of the disorder.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately capture the nature of substance use disorder. A strong need for social interaction is often not a defining feature; rather, individuals may isolate themselves. Enhanced cognitive ability without impairment runs counter to the cognitive deficits often seen in substance use disorders. Similarly, decreased tolerance to stress is not characteristic; in fact, many individuals with substance use disorder may have increased vulnerability to stress and a diminished capacity to cope effectively when not under the influence of their substance of choice.