Which of the following defines "gender"?

The appropriate definition of "gender" in the context of this question specifically relates to the broader understanding of gender as a social construct rather than strictly a biological or psychological classification. Gender encompasses the various roles, behaviors, and expectations society has about individuals based on their perceived sex, which consist of more than just biological distinctions.

While the state of being male or female can often describe one's biological sex, gender is more accurately characterized by the social roles and expectations that arise from this, which includes not just identification but also the behaviors and norms that society associates with being male or female. Additionally, the psychological traits linked to masculinity or femininity are important but fall under the overarching umbrella of how society perceives and enforces gender roles.

This definition emphasizes that gender is not solely a biological determination or a strict dichotomy, but rather a complex interplay of societal expectations and personal identification. Therefore, the essence of gender is better represented by the roles and behaviors shaped by social context rather than just the simplistic biological classification.