Which of the following best describes the symptoms of mania?

Mania is characterized by a distinct period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, often accompanied by specific behavioral changes. Hyperactivity is a hallmark symptom of mania, where individuals may exhibit unusually high energy levels, leading to increased engagement in activities and a heightened sense of productivity. Additionally, those experiencing mania typically report a diminished need for sleep, which contrasts sharply with how well-rested they feel despite often sleeping much less than normal.

This pattern can result in impulsivity, racing thoughts, and an inflated sense of self-importance. Recognizing mania involves noting not just the energy and activity level, but also how decreased sleep contributes to the overall state—this can create a feedback loop where high energy levels lead to reduced sleep, further intensifying manic symptoms.

Other options, such as low energy and withdrawal or consistent sadness and lack of motivation, describe symptoms associated with depression rather than mania. Euphoria and increased sleep could be misassociated with a manic episode; instead, mania typically presents with a reduced need for sleep, not an increase. Recognizing these critical distinctions helps in understanding mood disorders and their complex symptoms.