Which neurotransmitter is linked to pain control and pleasure?

Endorphins are neuropeptides that play a crucial role in pain control and the sensation of pleasure. They are often referred to as the body's natural painkillers and are released in response to stress and discomfort, helping to alleviate pain by binding to the same receptors as opioids. This mechanism not only reduces the perception of pain but also enhances feelings of happiness and well-being, often described as a "runner's high."

While dopamine is associated with the reward system and contributes to the feelings of pleasure, it primarily functions in regulating mood, motivation, and reward. Serotonin is involved in mood regulation, anxiety, and overall emotional stability but is less directly linked to pain control. Norepinephrine, primarily involved in the body's response to stress and alertness, impacts mood and arousal but does not directly engage in the modulation of pain and pleasure like endorphins do. Therefore, endorphins are unique among these neurotransmitters for their specific roles in both pain relief and the promotion of pleasurable sensations.