Which medications are recognized as risk-reducing options for women at increased risk of breast cancer?

Tamoxifen and Raloxifene are recognized as risk-reducing options for women at increased risk of breast cancer due to their ability to interfere with estrogen activity, which plays a significant role in the development of certain types of breast cancer. Both medications are selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), which means they can block estrogen's action in breast tissue while acting like estrogen in other tissues, such as bone.

Tamoxifen is commonly used not only in treatment but also for prevention, particularly in women with a family history of breast cancer or other risk factors. Raloxifene is primarily used for the prevention of osteoporosis but has also been shown to reduce the risk of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women.

The other options listed do not serve the purpose of risk reduction for breast cancer. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen are primarily used for pain relief and inflammation and have not been demonstrated to effectively reduce breast cancer risk. Corticosteroids like prednisone and anti-anxiety medications like diazepam are utilized for entirely different medical conditions and do not have any association with breast cancer risk reduction. Similarly, Metformin and Glipizide are used in the