Which disorder is characterized by a lack of joy and hopelessness?

Major depression is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, lack of joy, and hopelessness that significantly affect daily functioning. Individuals with major depression often experience a diminished interest or pleasure in most activities, a symptom known as anhedonia. This emotional state can lead to profound difficulties in various aspects of life, including work, relationships, and overall quality of life. The feelings of hopelessness accompanying major depression can manifest as a negative outlook on life, making individuals believe that their situation will not improve, which further exacerbates their emotional pain.

Other disorders, such as eating disorders or anxiety disorders, may involve elements of sadness or unease, but they do not define the core experience in the same way that major depression does. Personality disorders can include a wide range of symptoms and behaviors, but lack of joy and hopelessness on their own do not encapsulate the entirety of personality disorders. Thus, major depression is uniquely characterized by these pervasive feelings, making it the correct answer.