Which disorder is characterized by impaired communication and social interaction?

The disorder characterized by impaired communication and social interaction is autism. This neurodevelopmental condition significantly affects an individual's ability to engage socially, communicate effectively, and develop relationships with peers. People with autism often exhibit challenges in understanding social cues, maintaining conversations, and expressing their emotions or understanding those of others.

In contrast, bipolar disorder is primarily characterized by mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression, rather than communication deficits. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves difficulties with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness, but does not inherently include the core features of impaired social interaction. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder focused on food intake and body image issues rather than communication or social interaction challenges. Therefore, autism is the only option that precisely encompasses the traits of impaired communication and social interaction.