Which components are part of the "female athlete triad"?

The "female athlete triad" consists of three interrelated components: low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone density. This triad is particularly prevalent among female athletes who engage in sports that emphasize leanness or specific weight categories.

Low energy availability refers to a situation where the energy intake (calories consumed) does not meet the energy expenditure required for training and daily activities. This imbalance can lead to menstrual dysfunction, including irregular menstrual cycles or even amenorrhea (absence of menstruation). Such hormonal changes can adversely affect bone density, resulting in lower bone mineral density and increasing the risk of stress fractures and osteoporosis.

Understanding this triad is critical for identifying and addressing the potential health risks associated with these conditions, particularly in young female athletes who may be vulnerable to these issues due to pressures related to performance and body image.

The other answer choices refer to conditions or combinations that do not encapsulate the triad's core components, thus differentiating them from the accurate representation of the "female athlete triad."