Which approach is most closely associated with the measurement of behavior in psychology?

The measurement of behavior in psychology is most closely associated with behavioral psychology. This field focuses specifically on observable behaviors and the ways they can be measured and modified through various processes, including reinforcement and punishment. Behavioral psychologists emphasize the importance of empirical methods and experiments to analyze how individuals respond to their environment, allowing for concrete measurement of behavior rather than relying on subjective reports or introspection.

In contrast, cognitive psychology centers on understanding internal mental processes, such as thought and perception, but does not focus primarily on behavior as an observable measure. Psychodynamic theory, associated with Freud, delves into unconscious processes and emotional experiences, which are difficult to measure objectively. Humanistic psychology emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization, focusing on individual experiences and perceptions rather than quantifiable behaviors. Therefore, the focus of behavioral psychology on empirically measuring observable actions makes it the most fitting choice in this context.