What role do interneurons play in the nervous system?

Interneurons play a crucial role in the nervous system by facilitating communication between other neurons, particularly within the brain and spinal cord. They act as intermediaries, processing information received from sensory neurons and relaying it to motor neurons or other interneurons. This allows for complex reflexes and neural circuits that are essential for coordinating responses to stimuli and integrating information across various brain regions. Interneurons help refine and modulate signals, ensuring that the nervous system functions efficiently and effectively, allowing for nuanced responses and behaviors.

The other options describe different functions that do not pertain to interneurons. For example, connecting sensory receptors to motor neurons involves sensory and motor neurons, while the relaying of information between motor neurons and muscles is primarily the role of motor neurons. Additionally, encasing neurons in a protective layer refers to the function of glial cells, which provide support and insulation but do not directly facilitate communication like interneurons do.