What occurs when the membrane potential of a neuron is depolarized?

When the membrane potential of a neuron is depolarized, it means that the inside of the neuron becomes less negatively charged compared to the outside. This typically occurs when sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to rush into the neuron. As depolarization reaches a certain threshold, it triggers the rapid rise in membrane potential that is characteristic of an action potential. This is an essential process in the transmission of nerve signals and communication between neurons.

The generation of an action potential is crucial for neuronal signaling, as it allows the neuron to transmit information quickly along its axon to the next neuron or target cell. Once the action potential travels down the axon, it leads to the release of neurotransmitters at the synapse, facilitating communication in the nervous system.

The other options do not accurately represent the process associated with depolarization. For instance, if the neuron became inactive, it would not be able to transmit signals effectively. The destruction of neurotransmitters is not a consequence of depolarization; rather, it sometimes occurs after they have done their job at the synapse. Finally, entering a resting state refers to the period after an action potential has occurred when the neuron is returning to its resting membrane potential, not during depolarization itself.