What is the term used to describe the impaired control of some kind of substance on either the body or the mind?

The term that best describes the impaired control of some kind of substance on either the body or the mind is addiction. Addiction is characterized by an individual’s compulsive engagement in substance use despite negative consequences. This phenomenon reflects a strong psychological and physiological dependence on the substance, which leads to significant impairment in functioning and self-control.

In contrast, dependence often refers more specifically to the physiological adaptation of the body to a substance, leading to withdrawal symptoms upon cessation. Disorder is a broader term that encompasses various psychological conditions, including but not limited to substance-related issues. Abuse typically refers to the harmful use of substances, which may lead to significant problems such as legal issues, relationship difficulties, or health problems, but does not necessarily encompass the compulsive nature of addiction. Thus, addiction accurately captures the essence of impaired control related to substance use.