What is the primary function of the somatic nervous system?

The primary function of the somatic nervous system is to control voluntary movements. This system is a component of the peripheral nervous system and is responsible for conveying information between the central nervous system and the body’s skeletal muscles. It enables individuals to perform intentional actions such as walking, writing, or any movement that requires conscious thought and muscle adjustment.

The somatic nervous system accomplishes this by using motor neurons, which relay signals from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles, allowing for precise control of physical movements. This is distinct from the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary bodily functions—such as heartbeat and digestion—and does not require conscious thought. While processing sensory information is important, it mainly falls under the role of sensory neurons and the central nervous system, and hormonal secretion in response to stress is primarily managed by the endocrine system, rather than the somatic nervous system. Therefore, the role of controlling voluntary movements substantiates why this is the primary function emphasized in this context.