What is the primary characteristic of agoraphobia?

The primary characteristic of agoraphobia is indeed the fear of being outside the home or in situations where escape might be difficult, or help might not be available in the event of a panic attack or other incapacitating symptoms. Individuals with agoraphobia often develop anxiety in crowded places, open spaces, or situations where they may feel trapped, leading to avoidance behaviors that can significantly limit their ability to leave their homes.

This fear can develop after experiencing one or more panic attacks, which leads to a heightened fear of situations that might provoke similar feelings. Over time, this can progress to an overwhelming fear that makes it challenging for individuals to engage in daily activities outside of their safe spaces.

The other options relate to specific phobias but do not capture the essence of agoraphobia. The fear of enclosed spaces pertains more to claustrophobia, social interactions relate to social anxiety disorder, and fear of heights is classified as acrophobia. Each reflects different concerns but does not encompass the broader and distinct fear associated with agoraphobia.