What is the mechanism of action of valerian as it relates to anxiety treatment?

Valerian's mechanism of action in relation to anxiety treatment primarily involves its interaction with neurotransmitter systems, particularly through binding to neural receptors that are similar to those affected by benzodiazepines. This binding action helps to enhance the calming effects in the central nervous system, thereby promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety symptoms.

Benzodiazepines work by increasing the effect of the neurotransmitter GABA, which is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Valerian is believed to influence GABA receptors in a similar manner, although its exact mechanism isn't fully understood. By facilitating GABAergic activity, valerian can help to lower neuronal excitability, contributing to a sense of calm and ease.

This calming influence distinguishes valerian from other options, which have different mechanisms or targets related to anxiety. For instance, while increasing serotonin levels is related to mood elevation, it does not specifically address anxiety in the same way. Similarly, stimulating dopamine production is tied more closely to motivation and reward rather than the direct management of anxiety. Reducing cortisol release may help mitigate stress, which can correlate with anxiety, but does not provide the immediate anxiolytic effects that valerian offers through its action on GABA receptors. Thus, the binding effect of valerian aligns most directly