What is the mechanism of action of Bupropion (Wellbutrin)?

Bupropion, also known by its brand name Wellbutrin, functions primarily as a norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor. This means that it works by blocking the reabsorption of these two neurotransmitters in the brain, resulting in increased levels in the synaptic cleft. This mechanism enhances dopaminergic and noradrenergic transmission, which can lead to improved mood and alleviation of depressive symptoms.

Unlike other antidepressants that primarily target serotonin, Bupropion’s unique action on dopamine and norepinephrine makes it particularly effective for treating major depressive disorder as well as for smoking cessation. This differentiated mechanism is part of what makes Bupropion a viable option for patients who may not respond to traditional selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or who wish to avoid certain side effects associated with those medications.