What is the function of parathyroid glands?

The parathyroid glands play a crucial role in maintaining calcium homeostasis in the body. They are responsible for the production of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates the level of calcium in the bloodstream. When calcium levels drop below normal, the parathyroid glands release PTH, which leads to increased calcium release from bones, enhanced absorption of calcium in the intestines, and reduced calcium loss in the urine. This hormonal regulation is essential for various bodily functions, including nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and blood clotting.

In contrast, the other options pertain to different glands and hormones. For example, adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands and plays a role in the body's stress response. Metabolic rates are primarily managed by the thyroid gland through the production of thyroid hormones, while growth and development are stimulated by hormones produced by the pituitary gland. Understanding the specific functions of the parathyroid glands highlights their essential role in calcium regulation and overall physiological balance.