What is a neuron?

A neuron is a specialized cell that is fundamental to the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information throughout the body via electrical and chemical signals. It is the basic building block of the brain, spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, playing a critical role in processing and communicating information to and from various parts of the body.

Neurons have a unique structure that includes dendrites, which receive signals from other neurons; a cell body, which contains the nucleus; and an axon, which sends electrical impulses to other neurons or muscles. This intricate network of neurons is essential for all bodily functions, including reflexes, movement, sensation, and higher cognitive processes like thinking and memory.

Other options presented do not accurately represent the definition of a neuron. For instance, a brain scan pertains to imaging techniques used to visualize brain structures and functions, while psychological disorders refer to mental health conditions that impact thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Social interactions involve communication and relationships between individuals, which are distinct from the biological functions of neurons.