What is a biological risk factor for ADHD?

Perinatal complications are regarded as a biological risk factor for ADHD because they refer to any issues that arise during the period around childbirth, which can negatively impact the developing brain of the fetus. These complications might include factors such as low birth weight, premature birth, or exposure to toxins, which can affect neurological development and potentially increase the likelihood of ADHD in later childhood.

High levels of physical activity, while beneficial for overall health and development, are not classified as risk factors for ADHD; rather, they are often encouraged as part of a healthy lifestyle. Cognitive behavioral triggers are more related to environmental and psychological aspects impacting behavior rather than biological factors. Adequate nutrition during pregnancy, in contrast to perinatal complications, is generally associated with positive outcomes for fetal development and may actually help protect against the development of ADHD rather than contribute to it. Thus, perinatal complications stand out as a direct biological risk factor for ADHD.