What does the resting potential of a neuron refer to?

The resting potential of a neuron refers to the electrical charge across the membrane when the neuron is not firing. This state is crucial for maintaining the neuron's ability to generate action potentials in response to stimuli. During resting potential, the inside of the neuron has a negative charge relative to the outside, primarily due to the distribution of ions, such as potassium and sodium, across the neuron's membrane. This difference in charge creates a gradient that is essential for neuron excitability.

When a neuron is at resting potential, it is effectively "charged" but not actively transmitting signals. This readiness allows for rapid responses to incoming signals, as the neuron can quickly transition to an active state when the appropriate stimulation occurs. The resting potential is a fundamental concept in neurophysiology and is vital for understanding how neurons communicate and function within the nervous system.