What does an axon do?

An axon's primary function is to relay electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body to other cells, such as other neurons, muscles, or glands. This transmission of impulses is essential for effective communication within the nervous system. The axon acts as a conduit, using electrical signals to send information rapidly over distances, and can be quite long relative to the size of the neuron. This capability allows for the efficient coordination of complex processes throughout the body, such as reflexes and the integration of sensory information.

The other choices refer to different functions associated with neurons. The first option describes the role of dendrites, which are responsible for receiving incoming signals. The second option relates to the overall function of the neuron, as it processes sensory input but does not specifically define the function of an axon. The last option pertains to synaptic transmission, focusing on neurotransmitter distribution, which happens at the terminals of the axon but does not encompass the main role of the axon itself. Thus, the correct understanding of what an axon does aligns clearly with its role in relaying impulses.