What components are included in the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

The Central Nervous System (CNS) is fundamentally composed of the brain and the spinal cord. This structure serves as the main hub for processing and transmitting information throughout the body, coordinating voluntary and involuntary actions. The brain acts as the control center, responsible for thought processes, emotions, sensory perception, and motor function. The spinal cord functions as the communication pathway between the brain and the rest of the body, enabling reflexes and transmitting signals to and from various parts of the body.

The other options, while related to the nervous system or the body's functioning, include components that belong to the Peripheral Nervous System (like peripheral nerves) or other systems of the body (such as muscles and organs) rather than being exclusive to the CNS. Thus, the correct answer identifies the core components that make up the Central Nervous System specifically.