What characterizes an anxiety disorder?

Anxiety disorders are primarily characterized by physiological arousal and feelings of tension. These disorders often manifest through both physical symptoms, such as increased heart rate and sweating, and psychological symptoms, including persistent worry and fear. This heightened state of physiological arousal is typically in response to perceived threats or stressors, even in the absence of immediate danger. Individuals with anxiety disorders may experience difficulty concentrating, heightened alertness, and a constant sense of apprehension, which reflect the core features of anxiety rather than feelings of tranquility or lack of emotional regulation.

In contrast, feelings of joy and relaxation without reason do not align with the experience of anxiety disorders, nor do unpredictable mood swings, which may suggest other mood disorders rather than anxiety. Additionally, excessive energy and enthusiasm, regardless of the situation, could be indicative of conditions associated with manic episodes rather than the typically cautious and tension-filled nature of anxiety disorders.