What are the main parts of a neuron?

The main parts of a neuron include the soma, axons, and dendrites. The soma, also known as the cell body, contains the nucleus and organelles, playing a crucial role in maintaining the life of the neuron. Dendrites are tree-like structures that receive signals from other neurons and convey this information to the soma. Axons, on the other hand, are long, thin projections that transmit electrical impulses away from the soma to other neurons or muscle cells.

Each of these components plays a vital role in neural communication, with the soma serving as the control center, dendrites functioning as receivers of information, and axons acting as transmitters of information. This triad of parts is essential for the information processing that occurs in the nervous system, making option B the accurate choice.

The other options include elements that do not wholly represent the core structure of a neuron. For instance, glial cells, while important in supporting and protecting neurons, are not part of the neuron itself. Neurotransmitters and synapses are relevant to neuron communication but are not structural components of a neuron. Hormones are related to broader physiological processes and do not belong to the neuron’s anatomy.