What are some common negative symptoms seen in schizophrenia?

In schizophrenia, negative symptoms are characterized by a reduction or absence of normal emotional responses or behaviors. Flat affect, which refers to an inability to express emotions, is a prime example of a negative symptom. Individuals may appear emotionally blunted, with little to no facial expression, making it difficult for others to gauge their feelings or reactions. Inexpressive facial expressions further illustrate this lack of emotional communication, as these individuals may not show the typical range of emotions one would expect in social interactions.

In contrast, delusions and hallucinations, although critical symptoms of schizophrenia, are classified as positive symptoms, reflecting an excess or distortion of normal functions rather than a decrease. Similarly, depression and anxiety are mood disorders that can accompany schizophrenia but are not specific symptoms of the disorder itself. Paranoia and mania may also present in some individuals but again do not classify under negative symptoms unique to schizophrenia. Thus, the presence of flat affect and inexpressive facial expressions accurately identifies key negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia.