What are elevated prolactin levels associated with in patients?

Elevated prolactin levels are indeed associated with gynecomastia and galactorrhea in patients. Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that plays a key role in lactation and breast development. When its levels rise significantly, it can lead to abnormal breast tissue growth in men (gynecomastia) and inappropriate milk production (galactorrhea) in both men and women, regardless of whether they are lactating.

The hormonal imbalance created by elevated prolactin impacts the reproductive system and can disrupt typical endocrine functions, leading to these noticeable physical changes. While other conditions and symptoms might be present with certain disorders related to high prolactin levels, the direct link to gynecomastia and galactorrhea is particularly prominent, making this the correct answer.