What are common indicators of depression in adolescents?

The presence of a decrease in physical activity is a well-documented indicator of depression in adolescents. When adolescents experience symptoms of depression, they often exhibit a lack of energy and motivation, leading to a reduced interest in engaging in physical activities they previously enjoyed. This withdrawal can manifest as spending more time indoors, decreased participation in sports or extracurricular activities, and an overall decline in physical health and fitness. Furthermore, physical activity is often linked to mental well-being, and a decline in activity can create a negative feedback loop, exacerbating feelings of sadness and lethargy.

The other options reflect behaviors that are generally inconsistent with depression. Increased interest in school and prolonged social engagement suggest positive engagement and coping mechanisms that are not typical in depressed individuals, as they often show a lack of interest or withdrawal from academic and social environments. Similarly, improvement in relationships with parents is unlikely during depressive episodes, as connectivity and communication with family can often diminish due to the emotional struggles faced by the adolescent.