The central nervous system (CNS) consists of which two components?

The central nervous system (CNS) is fundamentally composed of the brain and spinal cord. This structure serves as the control center of the body, processing information and coordinating actions. The brain is responsible for higher cognitive functions, such as thought, emotion, and memory, while the spinal cord acts as a conduit for signals between the brain and the rest of the body, facilitating movement and reflexes.

The other choices include components that are not part of the CNS. Cranial nerves and peripheral nerves belong to the peripheral nervous system, which connects the CNS to limbs and organs. Sensory organs, such as the eyes and ears, provide input to the CNS but are not considered part of its structure. Thus, the correct identification of the brain and spinal cord encapsulates the essential function of the CNS as it relates to behavioral health and overall physiological regulation.