Major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms must be present for at least how many days?

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by a persistent low mood and a loss of interest in activities, among other symptoms. To meet the diagnostic criteria for MDD according to the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition), the symptoms must be present for a minimum of 14 days. This period is critical as it helps ensure that the depressive symptoms are significant and not just a temporary reaction to a challenging situation.

The 14-day duration allows clinicians to distinguish between short-term mood disturbances, such as those experienced in response to life events, and more chronic forms of depression that require intervention. A shorter duration, such as 7 days, may not adequately capture the persistent nature of MDD, while longer durations like 21 or 30 days would delay diagnosis and treatment, which is essential for effective management of the disorder.