In research, what is a 'sample'?

In research, a 'sample' refers to a subset of a population selected for an experiment or study. This selection is crucial because it allows researchers to gather data and draw conclusions about the larger population without needing to study every individual within it. By examining a sample, researchers can make inferences about the characteristics, behaviors, or opinions of the entire population, which is often impractical or impossible to assess in its entirety.

Choosing an appropriate sample is essential for ensuring that the findings are representative and reliable. The sample should reflect the population's diversity to minimize bias and enhance the validity of the study's results. This approach helps manage resources effectively, as collecting data from the entire population can be time-consuming and costly.