How is 'stress' defined in psychological terms?

In psychological terms, stress is often defined as responses to stimuli that disturb equilibrium. This definition captures the essence of stress as it highlights the interaction between an individual and their environment. When faced with a stressor—a condition or event that poses challenges—an imbalance occurs in the person's psychological or physiological state, triggering various emotional, cognitive, and physical responses aimed at regaining equilibrium.

This interpretation of stress encompasses not just fleeting emotions but also the biological and psychological mechanisms at play when an individual is confronted with challenges. It acknowledges that stress can arise from both acute (immediate) challenges and chronic (ongoing) pressures while focusing more on the process that leads to feelings of stress rather than the resultant emotional states or coping strategies.

The other options focus on specific aspects of stress but do not capture its broad definition as effectively. The first choice specifies a temporary emotional response, which is too narrow and does not account for ongoing stressors. The third option emphasizes a chronic state of anxiety and tension, but this is just one manifestation of stress and does not reflect its full definition. The fourth choice, which talks about coping mechanisms, is also limited to how individuals respond to stress rather than defining the condition itself.