According to Social Cognitive Theory, what is the process of learning by observing others called?

The process of learning by observing others is known as observational learning. This concept is central to Social Cognitive Theory, developed by Albert Bandura, which emphasizes the importance of social influence and modeling in the learning process. Observational learning occurs when individuals acquire new behaviors or information simply by watching others perform those behaviors. This can involve paying attention to the actions of others, retaining the observed behavior in memory, and later reproducing the observed behavior.

Observational learning is critical because it highlights that learning does not require direct experience or reinforcement; rather, it can occur through watching and imitating others, which can be particularly effective in environments where direct practice is not feasible. This learning method can also facilitate the acquisition of many types of skills and knowledge, from simple actions to complex behaviors.

The other concepts, such as self-efficacy, behavioral capability, and expectancies, pertain to different aspects of the learning and development process within Social Cognitive Theory but do not specifically define the act of learning through the observation of others.